Mass of the Earth free essay sample

Acquaintance Geology is a path with know the substance of the earth and how the earth functions. This action is going to show the mass of the earth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mass of the Earth or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The explanation is to show how researchers decided the mass of the Earth, and a case of one of the approaches to gauge the mass of the earth. Knowing the mass of the earth is significant on the grounds that it causes us to comprehend what is in the focal point of the earth, and how the earth works. A few verifiable figures have found the mass of the earth. Henry Cavendish is attributed as the main individual to locate the mass of the Earth (Rubin). Eratosthenes determined the size of the earth in 276 BC. Newton was gradual in ascertaining the mass of the earth with his condition of gravity (Wile). Today’s known mass of the earth is 5.98*10^24kg or 598 sextillion kilograms (Wile). One approach to can figure the mass of the earth is by finding the time it takes to turn around the sun and utilizing the conditions of gravity and centripetal power to compute the mass of the earth. This strategy takes hardware to ascertain the mass of the sun and the speed which is impossible in a homeroom without the data pre-given in a course reading (Wile). Techniques How can the mass of the earth be assessed? This trial will show how that should be possible. In this investigation the hardware utilized incorporates: six rocks given in class to ascertain the normal thickness of rocks, a graduated chamber loaded with water, a number cruncher, and an electronic parity. One of the suppositions that I can make with respect to the computations accomplished in the movement incorporate a large number of the stones have comparative or even a similar volume due to their size. Another reason that can be made is the densities are comparable in a portion of the stones in this action. The above suspicions are defended in this test since three of the volumes are actually the equivalent in the estimations and the stones were similar sizes. The densities are additionally fundamentally the same as in a portion of the examples. The explanation being is that the mineral substance is comparative or precisely the equivalent, however masterminded in an unexpected way. One case of this mineral substance is basaltic porphyry and basalt; another is stone and pegmatite. Every one of these stones has a similar mineral substance, however extraordinary molecule sizes (Wicander, Monroe). Results To decide the mass we set the principal rock on the parity to locate its mass and the appropriate response was 25g. Also, the stone was put in water to discover the volume, and found the volume was 25mL which makes the thickness 1 g/mL. Five additional stones were estimated similarly. For the second stone the mass was 50g and the volume was 23mL, making a thickness of 2.17g/mL. The third stone had a mass was 77g and the volume of 25mL, making a thickness of 3.08g/mL. On the fourth stone, the mass was 70g and the volume was 25mL, making a thickness of 2.8g/mL. The mass of the fifth was 33g and the volume was 10mL, making a thickness of 3.3g/mL. In the last stone the mass was 15g and the volume was 5mL, making a thickness of 3.0g/mL. The stones normal thickness is 2.56g/cm3 on the grounds that you can substitute cm3 for mL since they are equivalent. To locate the mass of the earth we needed to know the densities of the stone and the iron. The stone made up 65% of the earth’s material, and iron made up the other 35%. The thickness of the iron was given as 7,874 kg/m3.The thickness of iron must be duplicated by .35 to locate the last thickness of iron in the earth. At that point the new thickness (2,756 kg/m3) was increased by the given volume, which is 1.08321e21m3 to get a mass of 2.9853e24kg. Next I needed to figure the thickness of the stone in kg/m3 which wound up as 2,560kg/m3. That thickness must be increased by .65 to get the thickness of the all out stone of the earth. The appropriate response is determined as 1,664kg/m3. To get the mass, I increased the given volume by the thickness of the stone, which was determined as 1.8025e24kg. At long last to get the mass of the earth, the mass of the iron must be added to the mass of rock. The mass of the earth was seen as 4.78e24kg. Table 1 Density in kg/m3 Volume in m3 Mass in kg Mass of the Earth in kg Rock aggregate in earth 1,6641.08321e21 1.80246e24 4.78e24 Irontotal in earth 2,756 1.08321e21 2.98533e24 Conversation The mass of the earth determined by me contrasted with the one found by genuine researchers is that mine was 4.78e24kg however the genuine mass was 5.98e24kg (Wile). The explanation behind the thing that matters is being the water was not part of the count. Additionally what might play into this would be the measure of rocks utilized. It would change the thickness of the earth since all stones have various densities, and the more shakes utilized the more precise the thickness will be. Another factor is the manner by which we determined utilizing a geologic condition while researchers utilized the gravitational draw of the sun and Newton’s conditions on gravity to locate the mass of the earth. Ways I could improve my outcomes incorporate utilizing more shakes to make an increasingly exact normal thickness of rocks in the earth to locate a closer answer. Moreover, the thickness of water could likewise be utilized since water additionally takes up an immense measure of the earth. Another way that would work is finding the thickness of nickel since there is a lot of nickel in the focal point of the earth, which would give a progressively precise mass. Taking everything into account, in this action the densities of different rocks were determined, at that point arrived at the midpoint of. The given data was utilized to compute the mass of the iron bit of the earth. From that point onward, the mass of the stone part of the earth was determined. At that point both of those masses were included to give the absolute mass of the earth. References â€Å"Eratosthenes: Greek Scientist.† 9-30-16. Rubin, Julian. â€Å"Henry Cavendish: Weighing the Earth.† June 2013. Wile, Jay L. Investigating Creation with Physics. Anderson, IN: Apologia Educational Ministries,2004. Print. Wicander, Reed, Monroe, James S. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2013

Galileo Galilei: Man of Science Essay

Galileo Galilei was an Italian researcher conceived on February 15, 1564. He lived in when individuals saw the earth as the focal point of the universe and when individuals deciphered the sacred texts truly. He initially sought after the field of medication, however later increased a tendency towards science. He attempted to build up the logical technique and to clarify the world in scientific terms. Today, his developments and revelations added to the foundation of the logical world’s establishment. Galileo Galilei: Man of Science Galileo Galilei is one of the most progressive figures in history who rose above both strict and logical shows. The span of his achievements spread material science, stargazing, and arithmetic, all to which his commitments have brought about huge advances. He lived in when truth was aggrieved and religion directs realities of society. Be that as it may, he would not stay in stagnation and to acknowledge beyond a shadow of a doubt. His works reflected both virtuoso and inventiveness, as his life reflected the profundities that human knowledge can reach. Being a profoundly praised researcher, Galileo has substantiated himself a man who might consistently practice the opportunity to think, find, and make. Life and Writings An Italian researcher conceived on the fifteenth of February 1564 in the city of Pisa, Galileo Galilei lived in when Europeans have as of late found the Americas. He was conceived towards the finish of the Renaissance time frame. His introduction to the world was three days earlier Michael Angelo’s demise, 72 years after the revelation of the Americas, 43 years before the arrival of the Mayflower, and two months before the introduction of Shakespeare (Fermi and Bernardini, 1961, p. 11). Galileo, as he is all the more prevalently called, was the child of Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati. Albeit initially from Pisa, Italy and lived there for a long time, Galileo moved to Florence, his Father’s origination, to join his family. He was then sent to the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa so as to be instructed by the Benedictine priests. This strict request got alluring to the youthful Galileo, as he joined the ascetic existence with isolation and withdrawal. He entered the request and turned into a noviciate, however his strict life was put to a stop as he confronted a solid restriction from his dad. Vincenzo Galilei had just proposed that his oldest youngster would rehearse medication (O’Connor and Robertson, 2002). Galileo sought after his clinical degree at the University of Pisa, as he was asked by his dad. Be that as it may, being a doctor was never engaging for Galileo, and he just took interests on course subjects concerning arithmetic and common way of thinking. This redirected his consideration from medication to his foreordained field, arithmetic and common sciences. In 1589 at the University of Pisa, he turned into the seat of arithmetic. Be that as it may, after the demise of his dad, which constrained him to scan for progressively worthwhile intends to help his family, Galileo took the situation of educator of arithmetic at the University of Padua in 1592. Until 1610, he showed geometry, mechanics, and cosmology in this college. This period was significant as Galileo made exceptional revelations during this time in both unadulterated and applied sciences. He contended against the Aristotelian tenets on the universe and even accepted that Kepler’s Supernova of 1604 happened a long way from the Earth. He as of now quietly had confidence in the Copernican case of heliocentrism (O’Connor and Robertson, 2002). Galileo had three kids with Marina Gamba. Be that as it may, he fathered his child and two little girls without any father present. The children’s ill-conceived status caused Galileo to conclude that his little girls are not appropriate for marriage and hence should enter a strict request. They became nuns of the religious circle of San Matteo Arceteri where they everlastingly remained. His child, then again, later increased a genuine status and had the option to later wed (Life, 2000). Because of his help for the heliocentric hypothesis of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo confronted the Inquisition of the Catholic Church in 1633. The pioneers of the Roman Catholic religion indicted Galileo with the wrongdoing of apostasy. As a major aspect of his discipline, the congregation requested that he pull back his help for Copernicus openly. He was additionally given the sentence of life detainment, however just served house capture because of his propelled age. By his age of 72, Galileo experienced visual impairment because of waterfalls and glaucoma. What's more, in 1642, Galileo Galilei passed on at Arcetri. This was exactly the same birth year of another physicist, Isaac Newton (Chew, 1996). One of the most intriguing attributes of his works is that they are all, aside from one, written in the Italian language rather than Latin. Albeit Italian was his local tongue, the more ordinary mechanism of logical composing was Latin. Two of his most prestigious works are entitled â€Å"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican† and â€Å"Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences† (Kolatkar, 2001, p. 3). He introduced these works in a significantly sensational and enthusiastic way. Here, he recounted the narrative of a discussion among three characters, Simplicio (portrayal of Aristotle), Salviati (portrayal of Galileo), and Sagredo (wise layman). His most noteworthy logical commitments were contained in these written works. These profoundly impacted the â€Å"modern logical idea †‘its strategy for enquiry’ and ‘its basis of truth† (Kolatkar, 2001, p. 3). He was the liable for the current logical technique that researchers are utilizing, and which would keep going for a long time into the future. His different acclaimed compositions incorporate â€Å"The Little Balance,† â€Å"The Starry Messenger,† â€Å"Letters on Sunspots,† â€Å"Letter to Grand Duchess Christina,† â€Å" Discoros Delle Comete,† and â€Å"The Assayer† (Chew, 1996). Commitments in Astronomy, Physics, Mathematics, and Technology Given the title of â€Å"Father of Modern Science† (Finocchiaro, 1989, p. 1), Galileo Galilei has profoundly added to the headway of science particularly in the field of space science, material science, and arithmetic. He built up the logical strategy, which is extremely instrumental in the philosophy utilized by numerous individuals of the researchers after him. This logical strategy permitted researchers to lead experimentations that are quantitative rather than subjective, repeatable, and impartial (Finocchiaro, 1989, p. 1). In the field of material science, Galileo remarkably took enthusiasm on falling bodies. At the highest point of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Galileo dropped a cannonball and a quill. Through this basic investigation, he found that the falling items had a similar quickening in spite of their disparities in mass. He found that the speed is subject to air opposition and not on the object’s mass, which is presently one of the most notable laws of material science (PBS, 2002, p. 1). Galileo’s scientific tendencies drove him to building up a specific strategy in taking care of issues. He diminished these issues into customary lay terms and adjusted them into a good judgment rationale level. He utilized this in figuring investigations and in settling the issues into disentangled numerical terms. This end up being fruitful as he had the option to portray and investigate movement, which inevitably helped Isaac Newton in numerically depicting his Law of Inertia (Chew, 1996). Galileo is likewise known for his mechanical commitments. Galileo was normally attentive and inquisitive with his environmental factors. He delighted in investigating and probing mechanical articles. This intrigue drove him to imagine a basically structured thermometer, a geometric military compass, and an adjusted telescope. It is with the last development that Galileo had the option to investigate the heavenly bodies. Galileo watched the moon’s surface and found that it has extraordinary likenesses with the Earth. He additionally mentioned the intriguing cosmic objective fact on Jupiter and its four moons and on Venus and its various stages. Utilizing his self developed telescope, Galileo saw removed planets and stars, their conduct and their surfaces. Still in commitment to the field of Astronomy, Galileo depicted and outlined the adjusting example of the Sun’s spots. His proposed clarification for this wonder is that these adjustments in the sunspots’ design were because of the pivot of the sun. Of all Galileo’s logical hypotheses, his most questionable was his help for the Copernican restriction against the great Aristotelian conventions. The antiquated Greeks’ conviction of geocentrism and geostasis were instructed in all colleges and other scholarly foundations at his time. In any case, Galileo contradicted these perspectives as he had confidence in the Copernican geokinetic and heliocentric speculations. This is an exceptionally questionable represent Galileo as it prompted his experience with the congregation, which in the long run condemned him to life detainment (Finocchiaro, 1989, p. 7). In the wake of being condemned into life detainment, Galileo served his discipline under house capture until his passing. In any case, this didn't keep him from proceeding with his logical investigations. At the point when he came back to his investigations in material science, especially movement, he broke down falling bodies, shots, slanted planes, and other significant regions that are considered as the establishments of present day material science (PBS, 2002, p. 1). The Inquisition As one of the most mainstream and achieved researchers in his time, Galileo was under the examination of people in general as well as most basically by the congregation. It was anyway terrible that the Father of Modern Science didn't get away from the wrath of strict authorities against his convictions. He enormously experienced his experiences with the Roman Catholic religion, and paid until an incredible remainder (Wudka, 1998). At the University of Pisa, Galileo showed stargazing with the necessary c

Build a Better Brainstorm A Guide to Inclusive Team Meetings

Build a Better Brainstorm A Guide to Inclusive Team Meetings We like to think that we operate our businesses as meritocracies. Good ideas get heard, and people with good ideas get rewarded. But what if that wasn’t exactly true? Take the classic business meeting. You’ve got a problem you need to solve, so you throw the floor open to ideas, take the best ones, and run with them. What could be better? But think about who participated. It’s anything but equal. The fact is, in a typical eight-person team meeting, on average only three people do  70 percent of the talking. Those are the people who are comfortable in the meeting format you’ve chosen. Everyone else would participate more under different circumstances. It doesn’t mean that the quiet participants’ ideas are bad. It might just mean that they’re newer to the group and less confident. Or that they’re introverted and dislike fighting for attention. Whatever the reason, it’s not because they or their ideas lack merit. It’s because the meeting structure arbitrarily plays to one group’s strengths and another’s weakness. Ignoring these differences hurts the productivity of your meetings and could hamstring your organization’s prospects for success. In this article, Ill share how you can make your team meetings more inclusive, over a few simple stages. Achieving Inclusive Excellence There is a recent term in higher education that crystalizes why brainstorm meetings should play to everyone’s strengths. It’s called inclusive excellence. It’s the idea that a team cannot be at its collective best unless each member of the team is performing at his or her individual best. The concept builds on the established premise that diversity in teams is a good thing. There is more than one way to think about a problem, and having a diversity of ideas and  healthy debate around those ideas leads to better results. That notion of healthy debate is central to inclusive excellence. Having an inclusive team with diverse viewpoints is good. However, pairing that diversity with a structure that allows those viewpoints to be voiced and heard is what really moves the needle toward excellence. Identifying personality types on your team One basic aspect of diversity is personality â€" specifically, introversion versus extroversion. In business, it’s mostly an extrovert’s world. Core components of corporate life â€" including those decisions about how we run meetings â€" were designed around extroverts. They are so established now that you might not even think of them as decisions but as default settings. But if you are aware of your team’s differences, you can make decisions that support introverts, too. Let me share four tips on how to brainstorm in a way that will help ensure all team members are able to contribute, with  inclusive team meetings. Share Your Key Questions I used to have a boss who loved “pop-up” meetings. Whenever he was stuck on a question, he’d call the staff team together and ask for ideas. I liked the feeling of being included, but especially when I was new, one minute’s warning wasn’t enough time to think of anything worth sharing. Team meetings like this are often worth avoiding entirely. The solution â€" of course â€" is an agenda. But not just any agenda. The standard agenda is written in a terse, descriptive way. You can do better than that. Write each agenda item as a question to solve. So if you want to brainstorm about how to reduce customer service hold times, don’t write “customer hold times.” Instead, in your agenda write “How do we shorten our customer service hold times and improve our brand experience?” By framing the question, you put a tighter focus on the discussion you want to prompt and orient the conversation toward problem-solving. Next, share the agenda a day or two in advance. This allows people time and space to think independently about the question you’ll be discussing. That extra day could make the difference between new staff members being able to contribute or just observe. It could also have a profound effect on your experienced team members of different temperaments. An impromptu team meeting to brainstorm ideas works well for extroverts who thrive in the act now, fight-or-flight mode. But it will provoke anxiety in introverts who prefer to rest and ruminate before responding. Present a visual agenda An ideal way to build and share this kind of agenda is with a tool like MindMeister. MindMeister allows you to build a visual, color-coded meeting agenda using an online mind map. Your team members can pull up the agenda wherever they have internet access, so they can mentally prepare for the meeting from the leisure of their home, the subway, or wherever they do their best thinking. Visualize your meeting agenda Ask Team Members Individually Team meetings are often dominated by one or two meeting tyrants.” (They’re the ones doing 70 percent of the talking.) They aren’t bad people; they might just not be aware of what they’re doing. After a while, this becomes a group pattern. The dominant speakers can even get annoyed that they’re always expected to do the talking. Just being aware of that trap will help you guard against it, but thats not enough. Literally asking people, by name, for their opinion will ensure that all voices are heard. Some people are less assertive than others. Some have softer voices. Whatever the reason, not everyone is comfortable fighting for the floor, but they will happily speak up if you offer the opportunity to them. If you’ve shared the questions in advance and asked attendees to prepare their ideas, there’s also less of a risk that you’re putting them on the spot. After all, an unwillingness to shout shouldn’t disqualify someone from contributing an idea. Make Your Brainstorm Digital It was established a while back that brainstorming through an electronic interface can produce more and better ideas than face-to-face brainstorming sessions. Yet face-to-face brainstorming is still the dominant form. There are some unique benefits that face-to-face meetings offer, but one big downside is the aforementioned meeting domination. In brainstorming, its called production blocking. When team members must compete for the sole attention of the group, it creates a narrow idea funnel that advantages extroverts and disadvantages everyone else, even if their great ideas are better. That’s where the opportunity to brainstorm online, on platforms like MindMeister, can really shine through. MindMeister allows team members to generate ideas simultaneously, which eliminates that funnel. Also, in changing the medium, online brainstorming engages people who are more comfortable expressing their ideas in writing. After all, speaking in public is something a lot of people would rather avoid if they can help it. Reopen the agenda you shared within MindMeister ahead of the meeting and continue adding to it throughout the brainstorm. There are many ways you can take effective meeting notes but using an online mind map allows your team to add notes, attach documents and provide comments, all in real-time. Turn Your Inclusive Meeting into Action Finally, nothing encourages people to speak up more than someone actually listening to them. By immediately translating brainstorming ideas into action items, you are confirming to your team that their input won’t be ignored or forgotten. The integration between online mind mapping tool, MindMeister and task management tool,  MeisterTask  makes this process painless. Using the integration, you can convert the same mind map you used to provide an agenda and take notes during your brainstorm, into actionable to-dos. To do this, create a corresponding Project in task management tool, MeisterTask. Then, during the meeting and as a team, you can decide on which ideas to take forward as actionable tasks. Using the integration between MindMeister and MeisterTask, you can  automatically populate those chosen ideas as assigned tasks in MeisterTask. From there, ideas can be assigned due dates, commented on and tracked, as they move across your Project Board from ideation to completion. With a few clicks of the mouse, you can ensure the ideas from your inclusive team meeting are seen through. Simple. Keep Thinking Building a culture of inclusive excellence can be a massive undertaking, and making your brainstorming process more inclusive is just one part of that. But it’s an important one. However, when you see it working, you might just wonder how many other ways your business could be a little more excellent. Do you have any team meeting tips? Wed love to hear them in the comments below. Turn your teams ideas into action Discover MeisterTask Discover MeisterTask

Postpartum Depression Essay examples - 1253 Words

Introduction When a woman gives birth to a child, it can be one of the most joyous and exciting moments in her life, yet it can also be difficult and stressful. There are a range of emotional, behavioral, and physical changes that occur shortly after a woman gives birth. These changes are common; however, many women who experience these emotions may have postpartum depression, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Many women require medical treatment. Although all causes of postpartum depression are unknown, there are many factors that can put a woman at risk. This essay provides an overview of postpartum depression, the impact it has on the individual client, the newborn, and the family, the physical and mental assessment†¦show more content†¦The impact of postpartum depression causes a mother to frequently feel exhausted, emotionally empty, and guilty because she cannot show love to her baby. The mother feels overwhelmed by feelings of harming her baby and may l ack the emotional energy to relate to her newborn, which prevents her from perceiving the baby’s attempts to communicate. Depressed mothers are less likely to play with, read to, or even breastfeed their baby and tend to be inconsistent in their care causing a disruption in the bonding process. Many mothers are embarrassed to get help out of shame. Postpartum depression also has an extremely high impact on the newborn. Katja Gaschler (2008) states, â€Å"three-month-old infants of depressed mothers look at their mothers less often and show fewer signs of positive emotion than do babies of mentally healthy mothers† (p. 65). Postpartum depression during the first few months of life may also cause negative effects on a child’s development including: social problems (difficulty establishing relationships, social withdrawal, and acting out destructively); behavioral problems (temper tantrums, sleep problems, hyperactivity, and aggression); cognitive problems (walk ing and talking late and learning difficulties); and emotional problems (low self-esteem and anxiety). The family as a whole is also greatly impacted byShow MoreRelatedEssay Postpartum Depression740 Words   |  3 PagesPostpartum Depression In 2001, Andrea Yates, a Texas mother, was accused of drowning her five children, (aged seven, five, three, two, and six months) in her bathtub. The idea of a mother drowning all of her children puzzled the nation. Her attorney argued that it was Andrea Yates untreated postpartum depression, which evolved into postpartum psychosis that caused her horrific actions (1) . He also argued that Andrea Yates suffered from postpartum depression after the birth of her fourthRead MorePostpartum Depression : Post Partum Depression1599 Words   |  7 Pagesabout what could cause a mother to murder her own children. Two words became a significant part of her legal team’s defense: â€Å"postpartum depression† (Cohen). A public dialogue was opened and the issue of postpartum depression saw a significant shift in awareness. This new era of enlightenment would be considerably different from the earlier history of post-partum depression and some of the shame that surrounded it. Bey ond Andrea Yates, other women have increased the prominence of the mental disorderRead MorePostpartum Depression On The Mother And Parenting1463 Words   |  6 PagesFor this research paper, I decided to focus on postpartum depression. While being a listening ear, I was introduced to the reality that not every mother has the attachment to her child that almost every movie in Hollywood portrays. After hearing the story and not sure if it was a real thing, I began to search the web for information, stories, and news coverage related to the rarely-discussed category of depressed known as Postpartum Depression (PPD). I wanted to find solid proof that this was anRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms773 Words   |  4 Pagesbirth of a baby leads to some complicated feelings that are unexpected. Up to 85% of postpartum woman experience a mild depression called â€Å"baby blues† (Lowdermilk, Perry, Cashion, Alden, 2012). Though baby blues is hard on these mothers, another form of depression, postpartum depression, can be even more debilitating to postpartum woman. Postpartum depression affects about 15% (Lowdermilk et al., 2012) of postpartum woman. This disorder is not only distressing to the mother but to the whole familyRead MoreMiddle Range Theory Of Postpartum Depression Theory Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle Range Theory Paper: Analysis of Postpartum Depression Theory Description of Theory- In 1993, Beck published a middle range theory on postpartum depression, entitled Teetering on the Edge. Beck, (1993, p. 44) which describes â€Å"walking on a fine line between sanity and insanity†. Beck determined a limited amount of qualitative research available and few instruments for measurement of postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis, and â€Å"maternity blues†. Beck interviewed 12 women for 18 months detailedRead MoreThe Effects Of Health Information Levels On Postpartum Depression1545 Words   |  7 PagesTitle Evaluation The title of the journal article to be critically evaluated is Influence of health information levels on postpartum depression. This title is not sufficiently specific because the variables are not easily understood. What is meant by health information levels? The reader must examine the article further to understand if this health information is provided, or does the article refer to the level of health-related knowledge each participant already possessed from another source, suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Maternal Postpartum Depression On The Language Development Of Children Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesIn the article â€Å"The impact of maternal postpartum depression on the language development of children at 12 months†, the authors, Quevedo, Silva, Godoy, Jansen, Matos, Tavares Pinheiro and Pinheiro, studied the relationship between some factors related to maternal depression during the first year of a child’s life and the child’s language development proces s (Quevedo et al.,2011). They hypothesized that a child whose mother presented maternal depression would have a lower performance than a childRead MorePostpartum Depression Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major form of depression and is less common than postpartum blues. PPD includes all the symptoms of depression but occurs only following childbirth.† stated by William Beardslee, MD is the Academic Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at Children’s Hospital in Boston and Gardner Monks Professor of Child Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. After reviewing and seeing what many mothers and young teenage mothers go through on what seems like an everyday basisRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Postpartum in United States According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, depression is â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.† According to the definition of the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), postpartum depressionRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms980 Words   |  4 PagesPostpartum Depression Screening Depression, a disorder of the brain, is known to be a common but serious illness that interferes with one’s life. Although MRI scans have shown a difference in the brain activity of individuals suffering depression, it cannot solely be used to diagnose depression. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) states that â€Å"with postpartum onset† to episode of depression with the onset being within 4 weeks of delivery of a neonate

Implementing A Workable Business Plan - 1428 Words

I then asked him: â€Å"From your experience what do successful companies have in common early on?† His response was very insightful. He began by saying that you need two things in the very beginning, you have to have a concept that makes sense, and it needs to be something that people want. After you have those two things he said to make a workable business plan. The next step after the business plan is to find a team of people that are capable of carrying out that plan. He went on to add that it is harder to find a good team than it is to find a good plan in early businesses. Lots of good plans out there, but not that many good teams. He then went on to emphasize how essential a good team is by stating: â€Å"Whenever you think of yourself as an†¦show more content†¦I asked him about companies in the Huntsville area that are just starting up, and he referred me to a company which I could potentially site visit. The next interview I conducted was with the CEO of App leton, Glenn Clayton. He had a different style of responding to the questions than that of Mr. Corman, he was much shorter, and succinct with his responses. From the interview, which I asked very similar questions to that of Mr. Corman, I was able to extrapolate that he started the company when he was 18 and in school at UAH. He was a broke college student at the time trying to make money, so he started a tutoring business. After he realized that the company could be more successful in the HR department of public schools, he sold the tutoring part of the company. This was due to him realizing that there was a void created in communities by public schools, and he intended on filling the void. This notion of starting with a premise of find a need and fill it, and find a way to fill it effectively, or more effectively depending on whether or not there are other companies in the same market, was the main point he made during the interview. The final interview I conducted was the one wit h my dad’s good friend Mr. Kent Lowman. This interview was originally intended to be a phone interview just as the last two had, but it was changed to an email interview to accommodate to his busy schedule. He

Strategic operations issues and Lean Synchronisation Free Essays

string(137) " the firm from all 20 plus solicitors are consistent and align with the objectives of the firm, the client and the insured is important\." INTRODUCTION: Lean synchronisation is an emerging practice that seeks to streamline the ‘flow of products and services’ in order to eliminate waste (Slack et al. 2012 p. 352). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic operations issues and Lean Synchronisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of this paper is to identify the strategic operational issues in relation to AB Partners (a law firm referred to as â€Å"AB†), more specifically with the process of signing out mail, which is referred to in Figure 1.1 below. The paper has three sections. Firstly, the definition of lean synchronisation (referred to herein as â€Å"LS†) will be defined, especially within the service industry, followed by outlining the current process of signing out mail at AB. By analysing the existing procedure in the context of lean synchronisation, the paper will highlight the delays and imperfections of the existing procedure, as well as provide recommendations to improve the process in order to improve the five performance objectives. WHAT IS LEAN SYNCHRONISATION? LS is a process of production with the ‘aim of achieving a flow of products and services that always delivers exactly what customers want, in exact quantities, exactly when needed, exactly when required, and at the lowest possible cost’ (Slack et al. 2012 p. 358). It has successfully been implemented in such corporations as Toyota and the Bolton Hospitals National Health Service Trust. Both examples aim ‘to achieve perfect synchronisation through smooth and even flow’ (Slack et al. 2012 p. 358). It is important to note that LS cannot be achieved overnight, but it is a continuous process and should serve as an objective that managers should incessantly strive for (Slack et al. 2012 p. 353). Given that LS requires the co-operation of everyone involved in the process and the supply network, there needs to be transparency and communication between everyone involved, especially those involved with the operational components of the process and/or supply network (Jullien Tjahono 2009 p. 325). The goal of LS is to open up the work process and abolish the usual hierarchies of traditional management to provide ‘smooth, uninterrupted flow without delay, waste or imperfection of any kind’ (Slack et al. 2012 p. 359). Whilst the idea of LS is well established in the manufacturing sector, the benefits of implementing the philosophy to the service industry can achieve equally valuable results. (Jullien Tjahono 2009 p. 321). Pixar Animation Studios adopted Toyota’s approach to management and it has resulted in being a leader of computer graphics in filmmaking (Slack et al. 2012 p. 373). The encouragement of continuous advice and criticism from its creative teams, brings problems to the surface before it becomes and crises and affects the overall operation (Slack et al. 2012 p. 373). By encouraging open communication during LS the responsibility for solving the problem is now shared with everyone, ‘improving the chances of the problem being solved’ in the most efficient and cost-effective manner in order to reply to the customer’s needs and demands (Slack et al. 2012 p. 355).   A B PARTNERS A B Partners (â€Å"AB†) is a specialised insurance and commercial litigation law firm. The objectives of the business are to be the leader in the area of  insurance law, more specifically motor vehicle insurance, public liability and home insurance. The firm acts for various insurance companies and there is often a panel of law firms acting for these insurance companies. Whilst in most law firms there is only one client, in insurance litigation there are various stake holder interests to weigh up. There is the insurance company (â€Å"Client†) who insures the insured (â€Å"IO†) or the insured’s company, motor vehicle or home, the shareholders of the Client and upholding the Client’s obligations to the Insurance Commission Board, to which it is a signatory to. Weighing up these interests is sometimes a difficult and, often, a contradictory juggling act, which is made even more difficult with the solicitor’s obligation to the firm, his/her budget, the impact of settling one file affecting another file with the same opposition, complying with one’s obligations with the Legal Services Board and a solicitor’s primary duty to the court as an officer of the court, which overrides every other obligation. In insurance litigation, more specifically, in motor vehicle insurance, there are often the same law firms within the â€Å"game†. However, occasionally the other driver involved in the accident (â€Å"TPD†) chooses not to go through their insurance company and either goes through another law firm or a recovery agent law firm who specialises in issuing against insurance companies or choses to be unrepresented. Therefore, you often have more multiple matters against any one firm at the one time and, hence, how you interact with that firm on one matter will most likely influence how settlement negotiations will be dictated in another. Because of the contract AB has with the client, all new files must be actioned within 48 hours. This is high volume, low variety work which often sees a solicitor handling 100- 115 files. The main principles are: – provide concise, practical and commercially focused advice – proactively manage all disputes – resolve disputes at the earliest possible opportunity – build long term client relationship – deliver value for money Because AB is often part of a panel of firms that continuously have to re-submit tenders every 5-7 years, it is competing with other firms to provide the best service. This is measured but to key performance indicators: 1. Total days it took to resolve the matter; and 2. Recovery/Settlement rate (how much the client spent on legal costs compared to how much was recovered or how much was paid out to the TPD). MAIL SIGNING Given the main KPI’s are total days turnover and recover/settlement rates, speed and accuracy of advice is important. Law is often a game of chess. Even though most matters follow the same formula there is often one detail that can change the solicitor’s strategic approach to the whole matter and anticipating the other solicitor’s move will determine your next action. Because AB is well regarded nationally as being one of the foremost leaders in its field, ensuring every document that leaves the firm from all 20 plus solicitors are consistent and align with the objectives of the firm, the client and the insured is important. You read "Strategic operations issues and Lean Synchronisation" in category "Papers" This has resulted in a policy that all outgoing mail/documents must be signed off by a Partner. There are two Partners that are in charge of the motor vehicle team which consists of twelve Solicitors. Throughout the day solicitors place their completed correspondence in a designated pile in the respective partner’s office. Because each solicitor handles files from more than one jurisdiction, often the solicitors have to drop off correspondence in both partner’s office. At approximately 3pm the process of mail signing and discussing any issues or problems with files commences. This is often a long and arduous process, eating into valuable billing time of the solicitors and partners, who also have 100 plus files of their own they are running. A minor mistake in a letter, for example an incorrect spelling of someone’s name, will result in the mail not being signed out and having it be  forwarded back to the solicitor’s secretary for amending. By the time it returns to the solicitor to give back to the partner, it is the end of the business day, mail people have gone home or worse, the designated partner has left for the day and the letter must be re-amended to change the date to the next business day. What may be a simple task of forwarding documents to another party in the proceedings has taken more than two days to complete. Figure 1.1 is a process flow map of the procedure. PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM The aspects of the current mail signing procedure do not comply with all of the performance objectives of AB. Quality The quality of work is high as most letters are of similar standard and style. Whilst most of the documents conform to some type of readymade precedent on the system, many do not. Furthermore, the precedents are often out of date and do not correspond with costs allowed by the court. Additionally, numerous new cases have been handed down, which contradict the precedent letters regarding advice on liability and apportionment of costs. Even though the decisions in these cases are not upheld strictly in the local court and the courts of similar jurisdiction in other states and territories, it does add to the persuasiveness of one’s argument. Speed As previously stated one of the KPI’s is the total amount of days the matte was open with the firm and how long it took to resolve the matter Therefore, timing is crucial. It is generally a rule that all matters be issued or actioned within 48 hours of the files being received by the firm. However, one to two days are lost at the beginning with the claims department printing the file, and forwarding the said file to a partner who then allocates it to a solicitor. If, in the unlikelihood, the file contains all the documents needed to be actioned, it will still take a further two days at best to send out the first letter due to the backlog of dictation waiting to be typed up by the secretaries (at this stage, the ratio of secretaries to solicitors is 1:2.5), checked by the partner and ready to be sent out on  the first attempt. Within the first week of receiving the file, the file is sitting idle in a partner’s office or in a dictation line for at least half of the time . Dependability Whilst every attempt is made to respond to a client’s request within 48 hours, it is difficult with the amount of file load a solicitor has and the amount of â€Å"urgent† matters that need to be actioned that very day. As every solicitor’s schedule is difference, (i.e time or hearings and amount of hearings) it is difficult to provide a guaranteed response time across the whole firm. Flexibility AB values its relationship with its clients. Ensuring that we are able to provide general advice that we do not bill for, whilst performing the billable work is essential in ensuring AB maintain client relationships as contracts must be re-tendered every 3-5 years. It is this â€Å"extra-value service† that sets AB apart from the competition. Often it involves dropping whatever billable task is being performed and providing the client with a comprehensive researched advice based on current law and trends in a particular jurisdiction by the close of business that day or the next morning. Cost Due to the highly competitive nature of the market, AB have been the leaders in introducing a fixed fee pricing framework. If a matter only gets to a certain stage, AB will only charge a pre-determined amount no matter how many phone calls/letters were drafted or how much work was required. This has reduced the time solicitors spend on costing a file and it also forces the solicitor to adopt lean processes to ensure maximum results with minimum effort. Discounts are provided if the matter has not been finalised within a required time and if the settlement/recovery rate is not achieved. Conversely, solicitors are entitled to charge an uplift if matters are finalised within  the agreed time frame and the recovery/settlement rate is achieved. The days of putting certain files in the â€Å"too hard† basket and waiting for schedules to slow down are gone due to this new pricing framework. LEAN SYNCHRONISATION The rigidity of conforming to a certain style of writing affects the dependability, speed and, ultimately, the cost of the performance objectives of AB. Not enough training is provided to new solicitors as to the â€Å"AB way† of drafting and negotiating. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience of the partners are vital to the solicitor’s application of the law to current files. Seeing each solicitor individually and having to wait until mail signing time to request guidance does not assist with the firm’s objective of providing quick and efficient legal solution as it adds to the waste of irregular flow (Slack et al. 2012 p. 360). Given the new pricing framework, the importance of lean synchronisation has never been more important. The goal for all solicitors is to provide advice that will ensure an excellent recovery/settlement rate and quick resolution of the matter. With difficult files that do not fit the established precedent letters, advice from the partner’s is essential. However, as stated above, waiting until mail signing time is not ideal as there are often other solicitors needing their mail signed out and often there will be corrections that need to be made. Often making an appointment the next available business day is required to go into depth the theory behind certain legal principles as well as formulating a response that â€Å"fits† the intended audience as writing to a client differs greatly to writing to other firms and there is even a difference in the style of writing depending on who the law firm is. Often the Partner’s do not understand why things have taken as long as it has due to non-transparency and non-communication between the different processes; 1. The amount of dictating the secretaries have to type; 2. The file load of the solicitor; 3. The amount of extra research the solicitor is doing that is unable to be billed; 4. The insufficient claims documents  being supplied by the Client and, therefore, the amount of time spent chasing the client or IO for additional information; and 5. The amount of time wasted whilst being on hold with the Client to seek further instructions. All of the above factors contribute to waste on a file that is simple and straight forward. Files that are complex are expected to take longer as it often needs to be explained to the Client and IO in more detail. RECOMMENDATIONS Given the word limit only two recommendations will be outlined briefly. DECREASE FILE LOAD OF THE PARTNERS Within the legal field imparting one’s experience of a certain judge, opposition or client is just as important as one’s knowledge of the principles of the law. Knowing the credibility of your own client will be a major deciding factor of any case. The wisdom and experience of a partner is vital. Therefore, the Partner’s should assume more of a mentor role and harness their time to teach the solicitor’s the skills they have acquired throughout their careers. In time this knowledge can be passed on to the Senior Associates who can then share the responsibilities of signing out mail of the other solicitor, as well as aiding the solicitors with any queries. Access to knowledge and guidance will be readily acceptable, therefore, reducing the waiting time and delays between activities. REGULAR SOLICITORS MEETINGS Conducting regular solicitors meetings of 4-5 solicitors where each solicitor raises any problems they have with a file or a particular process (i.e secretarial support is spread to thin) can serve two purposes; 1.It communicates any processes to senior management that is not working on an operational level; and 2.It encourages solicitors to work together to resolve â€Å"problem files† whilst allowing greater access to knowledge from other solicitor’s successful (not so successful) negotiating techniques, approaches, legal strategy etc†¦ In time the solicitors will have confidence  in their ability to provide correct legal advice that the inefficient process of mail signing will be eradicated for experienced solicitors. 7. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis above, we can conclude the current mail signing process is time consuming and involves unnecessary processes that can eradicated completely or modified to increase the time available the solicitors can bill the client for. Eventually, the aim of adopting LS processes should be to increase access to information, whether that is recent trends in specific courts to theoretical knowledge of the legal principles so as to avoid the current bottleneck system. Partner’s should assume more of a mentor role and harness their time to teach the solicitor’s the skills they have acquired throughout their careers. Access to knowledge and guidance will be readily acceptable, therefore, reducing the waiting time and delays between activities How to cite Strategic operations issues and Lean Synchronisation, Papers

Informative Speech on Hijab free essay sample

The topic of hijab is one that evokes Emotion,and provokes. It generates within all of us a plethora of thoughts and emotions. The web and media are replete with opinions of Muslim women and politicians on this sensitive topic. Some non-Muslims have used hijab as a springboard to unleash virile anti-Islamic polemics. Here I wish to share some thoughts on hijab from the perspective of a Muslim male living in America and preempt any perceptions of dogma by providing relevant evidences. Hijab is such a grand concept that one cannot write about it except with awe. According a 2007 Pew Research Center report on Muslim Americans, only 38% of Muslim women wear hijab all the time whereas 48% do not wear any head covering at all. As a side note and interesting factoid, 48% of Muslim American women pray the obligatory prayers five times a day compared to 34% of Muslim men. The sisters as a whole are undoubtedly keener to hold fast to the religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech on Hijab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet the issue of hijab bifurcates Muslim women and creates tension. Why do the majority of Muslim American women not wear the hijab? What are the reasons that some choose to wear the hijab? What does a Muslim man think of hijab and how does its adoption or lack thereof affect him? These are questions I will attempt to answer below. Women who choose not to wear the hijab come under many categories, some of which are as follows: Women who deny the obligation of hijab Women who think that hijab is â€Å"only strongly recommended† but not obligatory Women who do not feel naturally shy when wearing revealing outfits outside the home and have mentally and physically adopted the dress code of the occident Women who want to wear the hijab but are afraid of the consequences in the form of occupational discrimination, stares, glares, comments, family resistance, spousal resistance, etc. Informative Speech on Hijab free essay sample The topic of hijab is one that evokes and provokes. It generates within all of us a plethora of thoughts and emotions. The web and media are replete with opinions of Muslim women and politicians on this sensitive topic. Some non-Muslims have used hijab as a springboard to unleash virile anti-Islamic polemics. Here I wish to share some thoughts on hijab from the perspective of a Muslim male living in America and preempt any perceptions of dogma by providing relevant evidences. Hijab is such a grand concept that one cannot write about it except with awe. According a 2007 Pew Research Center report on Muslim Americans, only 38% of Muslim women wear hijab all the time whereas 48% do not wear any head covering at all. As a side note and interesting factoid, 48% of Muslim American women pray the obligatory prayers five times a day compared to 34% of Muslim men. The sisters as a whole are undoubtedly keener to hold fast to the religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech on Hijab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet the issue of hijab bifurcates Muslim women and creates tension. Why do the majority of Muslim American women not wear the hijab? What are the reasons that some choose to wear the hijab? What does a Muslim man think of hijab and how does its adoption or lack thereof affect him? These are questions I will attempt to answer below. Women who choose not to wear the hijab come under many categories, some of which are as follows: Women who deny the obligation of hijab Women who think that hijab is â€Å"only strongly recommended† but not obligatory Women who do not feel naturally shy when wearing revealing outfits outside the home and have mentally and physically adopted the dress code of the occident Women who want to wear the hijab but are afraid of the consequences in the form of occupational discrimination, stares, glares, comments, family resistance, spousal resistance, etc.

Child custody forms Essays

Child custody forms Essays Child custody forms Essay Child custody forms Essay Divorce issues Response to an Affidavit in Opposition Motion Why the Father is Not Resolving Issues One of the most contentious problems in a divorce is child custody, and a child, in this case, is defined as someone below the age of 21 years according to the Womens Charter. At times the child is taken to the counselor who is responsible for taking care of the child, especially for help in psychological matters affecting the child as a result of the separation of the parents. Despite the spouses divorce, both of the parents still have the authority when it comes to deciding on the main issues affecting the childs day to day matters. The parents acquire full control of the child when in their custody. In my case, my ex-husband and I have joint custody and complete control of our child Trevor, but the problem is that he is not helping in correcting the issues that we are facing. Instead, he blames me for all mistakes without finding out the reasons as to my behavior. Solving of Issues in divorce decree Right and Wrong Increasingly, the courts have been giving custody of the children to both parents. The reason for joint custody is for the good of the child. The presence of the two parents in the life of the child is significant for development or rather crucial support to the child. Just because the marriage has ended, it does not mean that parenthood stops altogether. In this case, I feel that my ex-husband has been assuming all the responsibilities and major decisions about the welfare of our child. There are several issues that he has not resolved, and they affect our son and me adversely. Despite not correcting issues while he has the custody of Trevor, other problems have emerged which have prompted me to respond to the matter at hand. As the other partner with a responsibility to my son, I have a right to defend my custody of our son, which is aimed at improving his welfare. It is also wrong that my ex-husband has been taking the side of my son, especially when he goes complaining to him after I have disciplined him. As a parent, I know how important it is to teach a child since it contributes significantly to his growth, development and training in the later life of adulthood. I have been trying to learn and educated Trevor to my level best. However, when Trevor is in the custody of his father and complains of how I discipline him, the father takes his side. He forwards the complaints to his lawyer who then contacts me in an unfriendly manner. Most of the children are not in support of the disciplined measure imposed on them and would thus lean to the side where the discipline rules are not stringent. This is the same case that has been happening with my son since he does not approve of my discipline measure. Despite my effort in trying to bring up our son in an upright manner, my ex-husband has been pointing fingers at me and blaming me for making our son unhappy. He puts forward the blames without even doing a thorough research on why I had to discipline Trevor. For proper child bringing, the parents need to join hands and ensure that their children are well-behaved instead of putting the blame on each other. My ex-husband has been doing the contrary of what was expected, and I feel that this is very wrong. I have a right to discipline my son by the law. Additionally, it is very wrong that my ex-husband cannot punish our son all in the name of wanting to win him over and make me look bad in the eyes of my son. He should perform the responsibility of a parent and instill the necessary education and discipline required of Trevors upbringing. It would only be right if my ex-husband would stop the blame game regarding the custody of our child. Neither of us is perfect, thus instead of playing the blame games, we should have a serious talk on the upbringing of our child. He should contact me to establish the facts on why I decided to discipline our son in the manner in which I did, and from there we can agree on several ways of doing the disciplinary and the education. His avoiding disciplining Trevor does not do any good. Consequently, lack of proper upbringing will haunt us later in life as the parents. It would be a greater disappointment when Trevor reaches an age where it would be hard to teach him to the right path since we ignored to make the changes while he is still young. Code of conduct definition Offensive and Defensive Breach of Conduct by the Counselor Code of Conduct outlines the acceptable ethical issues and workplace behaviors that the employees in any given position should adhere to diligently. The formal document clearly describes what the employees should and should not do. As a result of the breach of the code of conduct, the employee should be eligible to penalties of equivalence to and level of the contact breached. The kind of the offense that the counselor in charge of my son committed is categorically a primary offense, and thus severe measures should be enforced. Not only did she abuse her power by trading off the sensitive medical report of my son to his father without my knowledge, but also informed me that I had to pay $10, 000 if I wanted the medical report that should be handed over to me even without asking for it. Thus, she has to face the full force of law by violating her job conducts. A counselor was given the responsibility of counseling our son when he was in the custody of his father. Her responsibilities were to make all the decisions about Trevor more so health-related decisions. The decision the counselor was to make were inclusive of the daily care of Trevor, help him manage the parent separation issues, his health care, and general behavioral correction. However, I have lost faith in the counselor, and I now know that she is not capable enough to look after my son appropriately. She was given the responsibility to take care of all the needs of our child and act according to the set codes of conduct, but she breached the ethical and professional conduct. I have exhibits that the counselor saw Trevor cry for the whole of 2016, but she did not inform me on any of this. The crying of the children can do more than the public harm, not only to their health but also for general growth. The prevention of mind relaxation, loss of appetite and depression are among the negative impact that is associated with the continuous crying. Additionally, when a child cries especially for a prolonged period, then that implies that there is something vital to him that is not being provided. With the maternal instincts naturally instilled in me, crying of the child continuously can be stressing, and more so when the child is not in my custody. I could not stomach the look on my son when I know he had been crying all through under unknown circumstance. Whenever I see his dark face, I cannot help but cry too. Thus, I thereby feel that the counselor appointed for my son failed terrifically in her duties and thereby should get offloaded her obligations and the child handed over to a better guide who can act and perform these duties as expected. The right to have access to medical care Another reason why the guide has failed in her duties is that she did not at any one time listen to the pleas and complaints that Trevor had been presenting to her. It is the right of my son as a true citizen of this nation to have access to medical health. His complaining to the counselor was a clear indication that something was eating him up, an ailment that could be treated but the guide chose not to recommend a medical practitioner and concealed the information from me for reasons only known to her. Being denied access to health care is the worst thing that can happen to a helpless child who could not get access to life necessities just because the mother had no custody of him. Therefore, the counselor should be offloaded the burden of my son since he is on the verge of something risky happening to him as he could not be provided with medical attention needed. I have the interest of my son at heart, and I would gladly give him the life necessities like access to care as his moth er. Not only did the counselor fail by making my son cry his eyes out for a whole year and denying him his right to access medical health, but she also collaborated with my husband to leak personal and private information about my sons health without my consent. My ex-husband had access to this sensitive information for free, and he did not tell me about it, yet we all have a part to play in our sons life as per the terms of the joint custody. To blow everything out of proportions, I was asked by the same counselor who acted behind my back with my ex-husband to pay a huge lump sum of money amounting to $10,000. Honestly, if it were for a good course, I would gladly work myself off to raise the price. However, the strange thing is that she was asking me to pay that entire amount for information that should be relayed to me way before even asking for it. The maternal care in divorce Fair and Unfair As a mother, I have a right to know what my son is ailing from and act appropriately as per my duties as a parent. By the end of the day, I would be the one to lose just in case anything terrible happens to my son. The fact that my ex-husband could access the information is unfair since we all have equal rights to access the information about the health and welfares of our son. The counselor should face justice for acting in a biased way and favoring my ex-husband by having him obtain the medical report of our son. I protest the continuity of the counselor taking care and being in charge of my son since she does not have the best interest of my child at heart. If it is not possible for me to be granted the full custody of my son, then I would be more appropriate if the counselor could be swapped for a more caring and code of conduct adhering counselor. It is also unfair that Trevors father has enrolled our son in a competitive baseball league and some summer league ball and swim club. It is very fair when my son gets to engage in creative activities like these, but the wrong thing is the timing of the events. His father has made sure that these activities coincided with my days of custody of Trevor, and this is way too unfair on my part as these activities deprive Trevor and erode his time with his mother. This is not appropriate behavior, and the father should be reminded of his wrongful actions and it should be stopped immediately. His desire to enroll Trevor in these activities is all for selfish motives of wanting to widen the gap between my son and me. These activities have eroded two of my custody days, and to make the matter worse, my ex-husband never consulted me before making that decision. He is only after hurting me when he does that, and this is not fair at all. Once I discovered that Trevor needed emergency treatment, I put all the input measures in a position so that I could attend to the health matters of my son enough. I consulted a doctor on the issue to have Trevor start medication right away. However, instead of this issue being taken with the weight it bears, Trevorts father denied my input on the issue. He went ahead to discuss my concerns and complaints with Trevor who does not even know what is best for him since he is just a kid of ten years. My efforts of attending to my childts heath were not appreciated or acknowledged at all in this particular moment. The consultant in 2014, Bob Finlay, who initially discussed this health matter with my ex-husband Andrew, suggested that Andrew hires Sandy Hawkins to treat my son. That was a humiliation of the highest level since and my effort to cater for my childs health was trashed away and disregarded as worthless. Animportance of child safety Having swapped my doctor for his, Andrew should not have compelled me to pay for the other half of the medical services provided to our son. He disrespectfully disregarded my doctor. Thus Andrew should be the one to cater for the recurring expenses since he saw my ideas as worthless. It would only be fair if he consulted me so that we could collectively agree and take our son to the best doctor. The competition that he was trying to pose was totally out of place and unhealthy, and it directly has adverse effects on our son as he had to see daily when his parents keep on fighting even for very simple matters. Communication is important, and in this case, a simple consultation would have been good for me all the right for our son. Thus, I at this moment feel that the unhealthy competition Andrew poses to me has already affected our son to a great extent, and he should be denied custody till the time when he knows the value of the care. Safety of our child should come first before our differences. Having him have a say, I matter that are way beyond his age is precarious and could have severe consequences if we give him the mandate to decide on what is best for him. Having Trevor enrolled in the competitive sports is way too risky for his tender age. Additionally, having to see us disagree on everything especially matters that are sensitive to him like his health is not only unsafe for him but us too. Thus, it would be safe we put aside our differences for once and have the essential matters attended to adhesively. Having a child lose faith in their parents is very disappointing since he may conceal important information from them which may have to severe implications later in the future. Both physical and emotional safety of Trevor is vital hence Andrew should face the law when he tries to mess around with these facts. Family conflict Safe and unsafe Why the Father Is Not Resolving Issues I disagree with the idea of sharing custody of my son with my ex-husband. With my ex-husband having the care of our son, I feel that Trevor is rather unsafe by having his father as part of the care. He has not changed or corrected his behavior of being over protective and failing to discipline our son, and this is a major risk for our son. His kind of behavioral conduct is not fit for our son since it would be bad for him to grow while morally crooked. Not only can he emulate the behaviors of his father but can it can also end up affecting him negatively since he has an emotional connection with his father whereby he is on the verge of believing that everything his father does is always correct. Children are too quick on picking up behaviors from other people whether good or bad, and it would be unsafe for him to have his father as a role model since he will need to man up and discipline his children when he grows up. Andrew has been actively aggressive over the recent past trying to destroy my relationship with my family and friends, and he has been doing this by turning them against me making them believe that I am a terrible mother to my son. He has a psychologist for a sister who can is capable of advising him according to over the issues we are facing at the moment. Andrews maliciousness started way back after delivery of Trevor has he would start fights once he arrived home from work. He has a deep history of rage issues as a fan of multiple sports teams, and I have witnessed Andrew go through withdrawal when the Canucks contract agreements go haywire, and he does not have the ability to focus on the television and follow the games. His family too had had family feuds as he suffered a lot when his mother, Jane James, and her brother were distanced for over 30 years as a result of a family feud, and it was not until her passing that her immediate family communicated with him. Andrew has thus been affected greatly and wants to pass this predisposition on Trevor. As the mother to Trevor, I cannot allow my son to go through the family feud stress. Thus, I would do anything legal to protect my son. Joint custody with ex-husband Joint custody was meant to give my ex-husband time to rectify his behavior, but that has not been the case. Since my ex-husband has failed to correct his behavior, then he should know I should be given the full custody of my child to keep his actions in check solely. It was very offensive and against the law for the ex-husband to go beyond my back and obtain the medical report of our child without being informed immediately as well, my sonts health care has been delayed far too long. Our son is our priority, and we both have equal rights to know what our son is undergoing. He being given a chance to access information that I was delayed informed we had to pay huge sums to obtain. We both should regularly be informed on the medical state of our son with no costs attached whatsoever. Additionally, it was unfair that it took a whole year for me to get informed on the medical issues of my son. As a woman and a mother, I have equal right as my ex-husband, and so is the manner to the acces s to report that he too has access. The court should thus use this incident to analyze and serve justice in this case. It is very unsafe to give power and mandate to a child to decide on sensitive matters like their health issues. The act that Andrew had to consult Trevor on my complaints about his health is not acceptable. As a mother, I have the right to decide on what treatment my son should undergo since I know what is best for him. Andrew having to consult with Trevor clearly indicates that my opinion is not valid at all. Additionally, he portrayed a bad image in my sons head by having him have a better say than mine when he consulted Trevor than believe what I had to say. Respect is equally important, but in this case, Andrew humiliated me in the worst way possible. I have a right to be treated and coded all the respect I deserve and not be disrespected for any reason at all. It would be reasonable for him to talk things over before behaving disrespectfully. Dispute resolution The disputes that my ex-husband and I have been having needed to be solved with immediate effects before things get out of proportion. Most of the complaints that I have put forward results from my ex-husbands aggressiveness to bar me from being with my son. joint custody means that we all have equal right to be with our son. Thus he should let me have my time since I do not interfere with his time with Trevor. Since he has proven to be more aggressive and challenging for me to handle, I would, therefore, ask for the intervention of the court in this matter. He has subjected me to mental stress which has caused me anger as it is very difficult to parent as a result of these actions, and this affects my health in general. I still need to have mental and health stability so that I can play my role as a mother to Trevor. He is a young child, and his well-being and welfare are my priority in my lie. Parental responsibility Problem Solving The problem that I am having with my ex-husband can only be solved by having stringent laws govern the time we have with our son. He should not interfere with my custody time for whatever reason. If he needs Trevor to engage in any extra curriculum activities without consulting me, then he should do so within his custody days and not mine. Additionally, Andrew should establish facts before pointing fingers and blame me for disciplining my son. He too as a father has a responsibility to teaching Trevor, and if this is too much for him, then I should be given full custody of Trevor. His malicious aggressiveness should be evidenced enough of him being denied the care of Trevor since he has breached the terms of the contract pertaining the contract. As a mother, I should not be subjected to any pressure since I still have a long way in bringing up my son and this would not be possible with the kind of pressure that his father has made me undergo. In summary, I am requesting for my husband to help in correcting our sons behavior and guiding him appropriately without taking the sons side to win him over. I would also appreciate if my ex-husband can assume the responsibility in making crucial decisions regarding the welfare of our son. Additionally, I am suggesting the replacement of Trevors counselor because she is biased and has failed by breaking her ethical code of conduct. She is taking advantage of the situation to demand huge sums of money in trading for our sons information, which is one-sided. I am also proposing that she face the law for her misconduct to avoid repetition of such actions. I am supporting the idea that Trevor should engage in physical exercises such as the ones his father registered him. However, such decision should be made by both of us, and they should not affect our time with our son. I am willing to take full custody of our son in case my ex-husband is not ready to take parental roles seriously. Co rrecting the behaviors of a child is one such a central role that each parent should play. If the father does what the child tells him rather than having the son do what the father says, then, Trevors morals might be corrupted, and he might live a regrettable life in the future just because of someone who failed his role as a parent. Finally, I would like the law to take its course so that my ex-husband will not continue subjecting me to mental stress by barring me from being with my son.

How Rosa Parks Helped Spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott

How Rosa Parks Helped Spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African-American seamstress, refused to give up her seat to a white man while riding on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. For doing this, Rosa Parks  was arrested and fined for breaking the laws of segregation. Rosa Parks refusal to leave her seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and is considered the beginning of the modern Civil Rights Movement. Segregated Buses Rosa Parks was born and raised in Alabama, a state known for its harsh segregation laws. In addition to separate drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools for African-Americans and whites, there were separate rules regarding seating on city buses. On buses in Montgomery, Alabama (the city in which Rosa Parks  lived), the first rows of seats were reserved for whites only; while African-Americans, who paid the same ten cent fare as the whites, were required to find seats in the back. If all the seats were taken but another white passenger boarded the bus, then a row of African-American passengers sitting in the middle of the bus would be required to give up their seats, even if it meant they would have to stand. In addition to the segregated seating on Montgomery city buses, African Americans were often made to pay their bus fare at the front of the bus and then get off the bus and re-enter through the back door. It was not uncommon for bus drivers to drive off before the African-American passenger was able to get back on the bus. Although African-Americans in Montgomery lived with segregation daily, these unfair policies on city buses were especially upsetting. Not only did African-Americans have to endure this treatment twice a day, every day, as they went to and from work, they knew that they, and not the whites, made up the majority of bus passengers. It was time for a change. Rosa Parks Refuses to Leave Her Bus Seat After Rosa Parks left work at the Montgomery Fair department store on Thursday, December 1, 1955, she boarded the Cleveland Avenue bus at Court Square to go home. At the time, she was thinking about a workshop she was helping organize and thus she was a bit distracted as she took a seat on the bus, which turned out to be in the row right behind the section reserved for whites.1 At the next stop, the Empire Theater, a group of whites boarded the bus. There were still enough open seats in the rows reserved for whites for all but one of the new white passengers. The bus driver, James Blake, already known to Rosa Parks for his roughness and rudeness, said, Let me have those front seats.2 Rosa Parks and the other three African-Americans seated in her row didnt move. So Blake the bus driver said, Yall better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats.3 The man next to Rosa Parks stood up and Parks let him pass by her. The two women in the bench seat across from her also got up. Rosa Parks remained seated. Although only one white passenger needed a seat, all four African-American passengers were required to stand up because a white person living in the segregated South would not sit in the same row as an African American. Despite the hostile looks from the bus driver and the other passengers, Rosa Parks refused to get up. The driver told Parks, Well, Im going to have you arrested. And Parks responded, You may do that.4 Why Didnt Rosa Parks Stand Up? At the time, bus drivers were allowed to carry guns in order to enforce the segregation laws. By refusing to give up her seat, Rosa Parks might have been grabbed or beaten. Instead, on this particular day, Blake the bus driver just stood outside the bus and waited for the police to arrive. As they waited for the police to arrive, many of the other passengers got off the bus. Many of them wondered why Parks didnt just get up like the others had done. Parks was willing to be arrested. However, it was not because she wanted to be involved in a lawsuit against the bus company, despite knowing that the NAACP was looking for the right plaintiff to do so.5 Rosa Parks was also not too old to get up nor too tired from a long day at work. Instead, Rosa Parks was just fed up with being mistreated. As she describes in her autobiography, The only tired I was, was tired of giving in.6 Rosa Parks Is Arrested After waiting for a little while on the bus, two policemen came to arrest her. Parks asked one of them, Why do you all push us around? To which the policeman responded, I dont know, but the law is the law and youre under arrest.7 Rosa Parks was taken to City Hall where she was fingerprinted and photographed and then placed in a cell with two other women. She was released later that night on bail and was back at home by around 9:30 or 10 p.m.8 While Rosa Parks was on her way to jail, news of her arrest circulated around the city. That night, E.D. Nixon, a friend of Parks as well as the president of the local chapter of the NAACP, asked Rosa Parks if she would be the plaintiff in a lawsuit against the bus company. She said yes. Also that night, news of her arrest led to plans for a one-day boycott of the buses in Montgomery on Monday, December 5, 1955 - the same day as Parks trial. Rosa Parks trial lasted no more than thirty minutes and she was found guilty. She was fined $10 and an additional $4 for court costs. The one-day boycott  of the buses in Montgomery was so successful that it turned into a 381-day boycott, now called the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Montgomery Bus Boycott ended when the Supreme Court ruled that the bus segregation laws in Alabama were unconstitutional. Notes 1. Rosa Parks, Rosa Parks: My Story (New York: Dial Books, 1992) 113.2. Rosa Parks 115.3. Rosa Parks 115.4. Rosa Parks 116.5. Rosa Parks 116.6. As quoted in Rosa Parks 116.7. Rosa Parks 117.8. Rosa Parks 123.

Meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meeting - Essay Example Conduct Meetings, what do you do if one of the people in the meeting started to talk about things which are not related to the purpose of the meeting? The â€Å"tangentially inclined individuals† are people who take off on unrelated subjects, thereby derailing the conversation and interfering with the pace of the meeting. This may happen if meeting goals/outcomes are not clearly defined, or if the level of detail or the meeting roles are not understood. To handle this scenario, the facilitator must stop and clarify the desired outcome for this particular topic. If possible, he/she must help the group agree on level of detail to discuss before the meeting even gets started. He/she can use a parking lot to record issues to be worked outside the meeting. Finally, he/she should make sure that people feel heard. The most appropriate meeting chairperson is somebody who is (1) level-headed, because meetings can get heated up sometimes, so someone who can keep the harmony in the proceeding is vital; (2) objective, because opposing views are inevitable in meetings, so someone who can weigh the pros and cons can keep things in proper perspective; (3) intelligent enough to understand everything that transpires in the meeting; and (4) sensitive to the fact that everyone’s ideas and personality differences are recognized. b.  How will you ensure that the meeting is time efficient and desired outcomes can be achieved efficiently? E.g. what may be an appropriate time limit on each speaker and how will you try to restricting discussion to agenda items? For the meeting to be time-efficient, certain guidelines must be made clear to all attendees, especially on the issue/s to be discussed so as to avoid veering away from what is relevant. Also, limits to the duration that each speaker can talk must be set, i.e., 2 minutes to present his/her main idea/concern, then ask for extension if necessary. c.  Give at least 2 examples of ethical and legal requirements for a public

Scary story Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scary story - Article Example My eyes were exceedingly sleepy, but then it struck me, \why is he is wearing the red anorak in the bedroom?’. I had left my husband that evening down stairs watching television, and he was not going out that evening. Overwhelmed by my realisation and fear that it could not be my husband, I stretched my hand across the bed and felt another person across the bed. My heart began racing so fast it almost jumped out of my chest. The confusion â€Å"either Chris, my husband, was in bed or walking across the room† because he could not have been both. This made my mind race from the confusion. â€Å"Who was the other person?† This person standing then moved to the bed side I was on and pulled the bedclothes back on my side. Still not sure if he was my husband, because he looked the same size as Chris, I sat there not knowing whether to scream or sit. A thin chill from the cold hit me, but I was wearing a thick night dress that shielded from the cold. He then stood on my side holding a duvet in his hands as if getting into bed. Then he realised I was actually awake and had now seen him standing close to my bed. Suddenly he dropped the duvet and ran downstairs making loud noises. All of a sudden I screamed and Chris my husband woke up (yes, it was my husband in bed). It took him some time to understand what had happened. At first, Chris thought I was experiencing a terrible dream but eventually leapt out of bed and ran to the workshop and grabbed a hammer! He went downstairs and found the door open, and nobody was in sight. Chris had forgotten to lock the door, and that is how the mugger came inside the house. We had no phone in the bedroom so we went to the living room to call the police. My purse was lying in the middle of the room opened with the few pounds that were in it missing. We phoned the police and half an hour passed without them coming. At first we thought that they had ignored us, but then a policewoman and policeman

Atom And Qi :: essays research papers

Atom & Qi The atom is the smallest portion of a substance that is not perceivable by human senses. The notion of atoms was conceived by ancient Greeks and was developed over thousands of years of scientific inquiry. The concept of qi as the most basic substance of which the world (everything) is comprised, was understood by the ancient Chinese. Both  ¡Ã‚ ¥atom ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥qi ¡Ã‚ ¦ are believed to exist by human beings and both are considered to be unseen objects (until we could see atoms recently). However, they lead to different interpretations of natural phenomena: the concept of the atom was developed in relation to  ¡Ã‚ ¥materiality ¡Ã‚ ¦, whereas qi is relavant to  ¡Ã‚ ¥spirituality ¡Ã‚ ¦. The historical progression towards a belief in atoms promoted the deduction of atoms throughout centuries. Nowadays, the atom is universally believed by people to exist as the result of scientific evidence. In contrast,  ¡Ã‚ ¥qi ¡Ã‚ ¦ is not believed to be a scientific phenomena and is considered a religious or superstitious belief. As a result, in order to demonstrate the existence of  ¡Ã‚ ¥qi ¡Ã‚ ¦ and make it conceivable by modern physicists, the use of the scientific method becomes the qi researchers ¡Ã‚ ¦ best tool. In addition, while qi and the atom were both conceived by ancient philosophers, the notion of the atom was better developed by scientists than the idea of qi. Therefore, by looking back at the historical progression towards a belief in atoms and the deduction of their structure, we know how scientists built up the atomic theory. Consequently, the concept of historical progression will help us understand why the notion of qi is hard to define by physicists, and how it could be developed into a scientific theory. HISTORICAL PROGRESSION TOWARDS A BELIEF IN ATOMS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of the atom originated in Greek philosophy around six hundred B.C. with the question:  ¡Ã‚ §What is the world made of ? ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Sachs, 9). Thales first suggested that  ¡Ã‚ §water [is] the basic building block of the world ¡Ã‚ ¨, and air, sand, and stone could be different forms of one fundamental substance (web page). Yet, Anoimenes believed  ¡Ã‚ §mist or air was the cornerstone of matter ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Clagett, 49). These ancient thinkers made simple and direct assertions about matter. Later, the idea of the atom was conceived and developed by Leucippus and Democritus in the fifth century B.C. and concluded that there must be  ¡Ã‚ §parts which are partless ¡Ã‚ ¨ such as sand, stone, water, or even a  ¡Ã‚ ¥void ¡Ã‚ ¦ which have the continuous and coherent appearance of a pure object though are not  ¡Ã‚ ¥true ¡Ã‚ ¦ structures (Young, 18).

Alcoholics Anonymous

Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken† (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction treatment programs encourage the participation of self-help group therapy during and after formal treatment because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and maintain drug-free and healthy lifestyles.The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of treatment that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, sharing personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. â€Å"Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with indi vidualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved† (NADIA, 2012).The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, along with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other.Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders can be explained through a var iety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. â€Å"Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions† (Kiering, 2014).More often than not, drugs are used as an escape – an escape from reality – and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. â€Å"Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially likely to use drugs† (Kiering, 2014).Neurological factors, including the brain's reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. â €Å"Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug' (Kiering, 2014).Cognitive and psychological variables are also very important to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , drinking alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential.A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric pr oblems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults.Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior: however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in t o alter affect, thinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living† (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patient's motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships.It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also actively involved with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. â€Å"Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and averaged summary scores of involvement were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence.Participants who were categorically involved in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved† (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of leaving treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition† (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were s ignificantly more likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, versus those who were less involved.Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attendance and service.The study consisted of a â€Å"MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji)† (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attendance and activi ties, as well as a Urinalysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs.Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, â€Å"STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF† (Donovan, 2014).More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher rates of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phas e and the entire 6-month follow-up period. Being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better.The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word â€Å"alcohol† with your drug of choice. This is why you can now find individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. â€Å"Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that ‘helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence† (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the helper. Future research that has been recommended is â€Å"systematic encouragement and community access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a ‘buddy system' that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs† (Donovan, 2013).Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the typical referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to arrange attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power.These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over the past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, â€Å"an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation† (CAST, 2008).